December 20, 2023

Understanding Adult Learning Theory: Guide for UK L&D Managers

Understanding ModernGov · 3 minute read

Being an HR or Learning and Development (L&D) Manager isn't just about the usual stuff like hiring and paperwork.

It's about creating an environment where learning never stops.

And to make training programs that really hit the mark with our diverse bunch of workers, understanding how grown-ups learn is key.

It's like the secret sauce that makes learning stick and helps everyone grow on the job.

What is Adult Learning Theory?

At its core, adult learning theory comprises the principles and strategies that govern how adults gain knowledge and learn new skills and competencies.

Unlike traditional learning, which focuses on children and young learners, adult learning theory, also known as andragogy, recognises that adult learners possess unique characteristics, experiences and motivations that significantly influence how they learn.

Why Understanding Adult Learning Theory is Important:

In the realm of Human Resources (HR) and L&D, understanding adult learning theory is important for several reasons:

Tailored Learning Experiences: Adult learning theory allows HR managers to create customised training programs that resonate with the diverse needs, experiences and preferences of the adult workforce. By acknowledging the unique characteristics of adult learners, such as their self-directedness and wealth of experience, HR can design learning experiences that are more engaging and effective.
Increased Engagement and Retention: Applying adult learning principles enhances engagement and retention of information. When learning content is relevant, practical and aligned with real-world experiences, adult learners are more motivated to participate actively and retain the knowledge gained.
Improved Learning Outcomes: Understanding how adults learn facilitates the development of more effective teaching methods. By employing strategies that leverage problem-solving, collaboration, and self-directed learning, HR managers can boost learning outcomes and skill acquisition among employees.
Addressing Skill Gaps Effectively: Adult learning theory assists HR professionals in identifying specific skill gaps within the workforce through needs assessments. This information helps in tailoring learning interventions to address these gaps more precisely, resulting in a more competent and adaptable workforce.

Key Principles of Adult Learning Theory:

Self-directed Learning: Adults are driven by a desire to understand how learning applies to their real-world experiences. They prefer autonomy in their learning process and thrive when given the freedom to direct their educational journey.
Relevancy and Practicality: Learning that is directly applicable to an individual's job or personal life is highly valued by adult learners. HR managers must align training programs with the practical needs and objectives of their workforce.
Experience-based Learning: Adults bring a wealth of experience and prior knowledge to the table. Integrating these experiences into the learning process enhances engagement and retention of new information.
Problem-Centered Approach: Adults are motivated to learn when presented with challenges or problems to solve. Encouraging critical thinking and problem-solving skills fosters a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
Collaborative Learning: Group discussions, peer-to-peer interactions, and collaborative activities create an environment where adult learners can share experiences, learn from each other, and build a sense of community within the workplace.

Adult Learning Theories: Four Examples

Several notable theories contribute to the framework of adult learning. Some prominent ones include:

Andragogy by Malcolm Knowles: Perhaps the most renowned theory, Knowles' andragogy emphasises self-directed learning and the need for adult learners to take control of their learning experiences. It underlines the importance of engaging adults as active participants in the learning process rather than as passive recipients of information.
Experiential Learning by David Kolb: Kolb's theory highlights the significance of learning from experiences. It comprises a cycle of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation, and active experimentation, acknowledging that adults learn by reflecting on and applying their experiences.
Transformational Learning by Jack Mezirow: This theory focuses on transformative change in an individual's perspective, beliefs and behaviour. Mezirow posits that adults undergo a process of critical reflection that challenges their existing assumptions, leading to a transformative learning experience.
Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura: Bandura's theory highlights the influence of social interactions on learning. It emphasises observational learning, where adults acquire new skills and behaviours by observing others and modelling their actions.

By understanding these theories, HR managers gain insights into the various ways adults learn, enabling them to create multifaceted and effective learning environments that cater to diverse learning styles and preferences.

Incorporating these specific theories into training programs empowers HR managers in the UK to craft dynamic learning experiences that cater to the unique needs of the adult workforce, resulting in more engaged, skilled and adaptable employees.

In conclusion, understanding adult learning theory is a cornerstone for HR managers in the UK seeking to develop impactful and tailored learning experiences. By incorporating these principles into training strategies, HR professionals can drive positive change within their organisations, creating a workforce that is adaptable, skilled, and primed for success in an ever-evolving business landscape.